UNICEF Innocenti: Publications

Transitional Justice and Youth Formerly Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups: Acceptance, marginalization and psychosocial adjustment

AUTHOR(S)
T.S. Betancourt; A. Ettien

Published: 2010 Innocenti Working Papers

To support true healing of war-affected populations, including children formerly associated with armed forces and armed groups, transitional justice efforts must attend to the often lasting psychosocial consequences of war in the post-conflict environment. We use key informant and focus group interviews (2002, 2004) to examine the war and post-war experiences of youth, with particular attention to the reintegration experiences of former child soldiers. We found that war-affected youth continued to struggle with a number of issues that thwart their desires and efforts to fulfil their life ambitions, including limited school access, economic instability, social isolation and stigma. Young people were better able to navigate daily stressors when endowed with individual agency and perseverance and surrounded by robust family and community supports. Our findings support the need to adopt a broader view of transitional justice to meet the needs of war-affected children and families, particularly former child soldiers. A developmental view of the impact of war experiences on children is needed that includes advocacy for investments in social services to monitor and support healthy family and community reintegration over time.

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Cite this publication | No. of pages: 36 | Thematic area: Juvenile Justice | Tags: child soldiers, juvenile justice, psychological counselling, right to be heard, right to recovery and reintegration, transitional justice

Review of the Circumstances among Children in Iimmigrant Families in Australia

Innocenti Working Papers

Review of the Circumstances among Children in Iimmigrant Families in Australia

AUTHOR(S)
Gerry Redmond; Ilan Katz

Published: 2009 Innocenti Working Papers

Special Series on the Situation of Children in Immigrant Families in Affluent Societies

There were about 1.5 million children 0 to 17 years of age in immigrant families in Australia in 2001. This represented almost 33 per cent of all children. More than a quarter of these children were in families from the most consistent countries of immigrant origin, Ireland and the United Kingdom. Another 17 per cent were in families from other parts of Europe, while 10 per cent were in families from New Zealand, and 3 per cent were in families from other countries in Oceania.

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Cite this publication | No. of pages: 52 | Thematic area: Migration | Tags: child poverty, discrimination, education, health, immigration, migrant children, migrant families, migration policy, rights of minority children

The Children of Immigrants in France: The emergence of a second generation

Innocenti Working Papers

The Children of Immigrants in France: The emergence of a second generation

AUTHOR(S)
Thomas Kirszbaum; Yael Brinbaum; Patrick Simon; Esin Gezer

Published: 2009 Innocenti Working Papers

Special Series on the Situation of Children in Immigrant Families in Affluent Societies

In 2005, 4.9 million immigrants were residing in metropolitan France. This was 8.1 per cent of the population. Children of immigrants represent close to one fifth of all children. Children with at least one parent from Algeria, Morocco, or Tunisia make up almost 40 per cent of these children, and children of sub-Saharan African origin make up one eighth. Of the 3.5 million foreigners living in France in 2004, 450,000 were children aged 0-17 whose parents were foreign born.

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Cite this publication | No. of pages: 64 | Thematic area: Migration | Tags: child poverty, discrimination, education, health, immigration, migrant children, migrant families, migration policy, rights of minority children

The Situation among Children of Migrant Origin in Germany

Innocenti Working Papers

The Situation among Children of Migrant Origin in Germany

AUTHOR(S)
Susanne Clauss; Bernhard Nauck

Published: 2009 Innocenti Working Papers

Special Series on the Situation of Children in Immigrant Families in Affluent Societies

Germany may be described as a country of immigrants. Resident foreign citizens alone number around 6.7 million. The share of children who are living with parents who are recent immigrants is quite large. More than 1 million children 0–17 years of age are foreign citizens. Counting German citizens, there are nearly 6 million children of migrant origin under the age of 25. Of all persons of migrant origin, nearly 30 per cent are in the 0–20 age group.

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Cite this publication | No. of pages: 44 | Thematic area: Migration | Tags: child poverty, discrimination, education, health, immigration, migrant children, migrant families, migration policy, rights of minority children

The Situation of Children in Immigrant Families in Italy: Changes and challenges

Innocenti Working Papers

The Situation of Children in Immigrant Families in Italy: Changes and challenges

AUTHOR(S)
Giampiero Dalla Zuanna; Emiliana Baldoni; Letizia Mencarini

Published: 2009 Innocenti Working Papers

Special Series on Children in Immigrant Families in Affluent Societies

According to 2001 census data more than 900,000 children aged 0-17, 10 per cent of all children in Italy, were born abroad or had at least one parent who was born abroad. One or both of the parents of about 500,000 children in immigrant families were born in less developed countries. Children now account for almost 23 per cent of the foreign population. In this report, we have analysed household composition and well-being of children in immigrant families with 2001 Italian census data and 2006 survey data. Inclusion and other social issues are reviewed through the most recent literature.

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Cite this publication | No. of pages: 83 | Thematic area: Migration | Tags: child poverty, discrimination, education, health, immigration, migrant children, migrant families, migration policy, rights of minority children

Children in Immigrant Families in the Netherlands: A statistical portrait and a review of the literature

Innocenti Working Papers

Children in Immigrant Families in the Netherlands: A statistical portrait and a review of the literature

AUTHOR(S)
Helga A. G. De Valk; Kris R. Noam; Alinda M. Bosch; Gijs C. N. Beets

Published: 2009 Innocenti Working Papers

Special Series on Children in Immigrant Families in Affluent Societies

This report provides a concise overview on the situation of children in immigrant families in the Netherlands. Most of the research has focused on the four largest immigrant groups:families from the Antilles and Aruba, Morocco, Suriname and Turkey. Depending on the availability of material, research covering other immigrant groups is also presented. New statistical material on immigrant children and their families that has been specifically generated for this report by Statistics Netherlands is also presented.

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Cite this publication | No. of pages: 73 | Thematic area: Migration | Tags: child poverty, discrimination, education, health, immigration, migrant children, migrant families, migration policy, rights of minority children

Children in Immigrant Families in Switzerland: On a path between discrimination and integration

Innocenti Working Papers

Children in Immigrant Families in Switzerland: On a path between discrimination and integration

AUTHOR(S)
Rosita Fibbi; Philippe Wanner

Published: 2009 Innocenti Working Papers

Special Series on Children in Immigrant Families in Affluent Societies

Public debate on immigration tends to be polarized in Switzerland around issues relating to admission policy. However, many children in well-settled immigrant families also appear to experience social exclusion. This needs to be addressed by policies and programmes aimed at fostering social integration. Despite the extraordinarily rapid growth in the number of children in immigrant families, this segment of the population is almost entirely absent from policy discussion and social programme development, and there is a paucity of information available on the circumstances of these children. The aim of this report is therefore to assess the living conditions of children in immigrant families in Switzerland.

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Cite this publication | No. of pages: 46 | Thematic area: Migration | Tags: child poverty, discrimination, education, health, immigration, migrant children, migrant families, migration policy, rights of minority children

The Situation of Children in Immigrant Families in the United Kingdom

Innocenti Working Papers

The Situation of Children in Immigrant Families in the United Kingdom

AUTHOR(S)
Heaven Crawley

Published: 2009 Innocenti Working Papers

Special Series on Children in Immigrant Families in Affluent Societies

The foreign-born population in the United Kingdom reached 4.9 million in 2001, representing 8.3 per cent of the total population. Around 2.1 million children (16.3 per cent of all children) were in immigrant families. A fifth of these children were foreign born. The remainder were born in the United Kingdom of at least one foreign-born parent. More than 40 per cent were in families from Asia, around 20 per cent in families from Africa and around 20 per cent in families from other countries in Europe. Bangladesh, Jamaica, India and Pakistan are some of the main countries of origin.

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Cite this publication | No. of pages: 83 | Thematic area: Migration | Tags: child poverty, discrimination, education, health, immigration, migrant children, migrant families, migration policy, rights of minority children

The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography and the Jurisprudence of the Committee on the Rights of the Child

Innocenti Working Papers

The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography and the Jurisprudence of the Committee on the Rights of the Child

AUTHOR(S)
Ugo Cedrangolo

Published: 2009 Innocenti Working Papers

This paper highlights the main issues covered in the text of the Optional Protocol. These include: definition and criminalization of the offence; jurisdiction, extradition and further matters of criminal procedure; prevention; protection of victims and their rehabilitation; and the importance of international cooperation in the fight against sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. The paper then more closely examines the Concluding Observations of the Committee on States Parties’ reports. Comparing the content of the Protocol with the observations of the Committee enables the identification of gaps between what is required and what has been done. At the same time, such a comparison allows for a discussion of some successful attempts at compliance. The paper concludes that the Committee’s jurisprudence has indeed provided useful guidance to the complex issues of the Protocol and helped in filling some of the gaps it contains. Concurrently, however, it is found that many challenges remain with respect to the implementation of the Protocol’s provisions at national level.

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Cite this publication | No. of pages: 25 | Thematic area: Child Protection | Tags: child abuse, child exploitation, child pornography, committee on the rights of the child, implementation of the crc, optional protocol, protection from abuse and neglect, protection from exploitation, protection from sale and trafficking, protection from sexual exploitation, sale and trafficking

The Right of Children to be Heard: Children's rights to have their views taken into account and to participate in legal and administrative proceedings

Innocenti Working Papers

The Right of Children to be Heard: Children's rights to have their views taken into account and to participate in legal and administrative proceedings

AUTHOR(S)
Daniel O'Donnell

Published: 2009 Innocenti Working Papers

This paper addresses the right of children to be heard in any judicial or administrative proceeding affecting them. It introduces the subject based on examples from the laws and practices of 52 countries around the world. This paper is addressed primarily to child rights advocates, researchers, legal practitioners and other professionals working in the area of children and the law. Further research is needed to document good practices and to complement this introductory, global overview with studies focusing in more detail on different regions or legal traditions and specific types of proceedings.

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Cite this publication | No. of pages: 62 | Thematic area: Rights of the Child | Tags: children's opinion, children's participation, judicial system, right to be heard

Ethiopia: Social dynamics of abandonment of harmful practices. Experiences in four locations

Innocenti Working Papers

Ethiopia: Social dynamics of abandonment of harmful practices. Experiences in four locations

AUTHOR(S)
Haile Gabriel Dagne

Published: 2009 Innocenti Working Papers

Special Series on Social Norms and Harmful Practices

Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) is still a widespread practice in Ethiopia, although important declines in prevalence rates can be observed in some areas of the country. Attitudes towards the practice have drastically changed, evidenced by the fact that overall support for FGM/C has declined and younger mothers are less likely than older mothers to have their daughters cut. This paper provides an analysis of the social dynamics of change in four geographic locations with different ethnic populations in Ethiopia, where interventions were undertaken to support the abandonment of FGM/C and other harmful practices. Each experience used community conversation and dialogue as a tool to promote the abandonment process, although their overall strategies and impact differed. The four experiences together provide a greater understanding of the process of change within communities and the role played by key actors within and outside the community. The study demonstrates that by addressing FGM/C within a human rights context, community members are able to consider not cutting as a possible alternative to the existing convention of cutting. The human rights perspective also encourages reflection on gender roles, generating interest and dialogue about other social practices that harm women and girls, such as marriage by abduction and early marriage.

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Cite this publication | No. of pages: 64 | Thematic area: Child Protection, Gender Issues | Tags: child protection, early marriage, female excision, female genital mutilation, gender issues, social norms

Sudan: An in-depth analysis of the social dynamics of abandonment of FGM/C

Innocenti Working Papers

Sudan: An in-depth analysis of the social dynamics of abandonment of FGM/C

AUTHOR(S)
Samira Ahmed; S. Al Hebshi; B. V. Nylund

Published: 2009 Innocenti Working Papers

Special Series on Social Norms and Harmful Practices

This paper examines the experience of Sudan by analysing the factors that promote and support the abandonment of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and other harmful social practices. FGM/C is still widely practiced in all regions of northern Sudan but today actors are mobilizing across the country to end the practice. This paper analyses programmes that support ending FGM/C in Sudan and highlights the key factors that promote collective abandonment of the practice, including the roles of community dialogue, human rights deliberation, community-led activities, and the powerful force of local rewards and punishment. The Sudan experience demonstrates that social norms can change when a new understanding and appreciation of communities’ traditions and values is introduced. At policy level, the paper describes the adoption of laws and policies that prohibit or criminalize all forms of FGM/C and the introduction of integrated communication campaigns that have mobilized multiple actors to adopt and voice a consistent and clear stance against FGM/C.

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Cite this publication | No. of pages: 37 | Thematic area: Child Protection | Tags: child protection, early marriage, female excision, female genital mutilation, gender issues, social norms

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