Intersections between violence against children and violence against women: Global research priorities

Intersections between violence against children and violence against women: Global research priorities

Published: 2024 Innocenti Research Report

There is growing global recognition that violence against women and violence against children, and in particular intimate partner violence against women and violence against children by parents or caregivers, intersect in different ways. As global evidence of and interest in these intersections continue to grow, strategies are needed to enhance collaborations across these fields and thus ensure the best outcomes for both women and children. In response, the Sexual Violence Research Initiative (SVRI), the UNICEF Innocenti – Global Office of Research and Foresight, and the UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction hosted by WHO’s Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health, partnered to coordinate a global participatory process to identify research priorities that relate to the intersections between violence against children and violence against women.

While priorities are important, the way in which these priorities are determined is also crucial, especially for ownership, contextualization and use. Inclusive, participatory research-setting, such as used in this work, serves to promote a diversity of voices – especially from low- and middle-income countries which have historically lacked representation – and minimize the risk of bias when establishing research priorities.

This report describes the process used to determine the priorities for research on the intersections between violence against children and violence against women, and the top 10 research questions identified.

Early Childhood Education Systems in 15 Pacific Island Countries and Territories

Early Childhood Education Systems in 15 Pacific Island Countries and Territories

AUTHOR(S)
Stefania Vindrola; Ghalia Ghawi; Ruoyu Li (李若愚)

Published: 2024 Innocenti Research Report
Early childhood education (ECE) is becoming a global policy priority, especially in the Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) where there is commitment to invest in the youngest learners.
 
Building on system-level mappings in 2015 and 2017, this report delves into the status of ECE systems in the Pacific region as of 2022. Based on a comprehensive desk review and primary data collection involving ECE focal points from the ministries of education across the 15 PICTs, this research report highlights key strengths, gaps, and opportunities for enhancing ECE service delivery. Explore the findings and recommendations to see how these insights can inform advancements in early childhood education systems in the region.
ຂໍ້້ມູູນທີ່່ໄດ້້ຕ້້ອງບອກເຖິິງຄວາມເປັັນຈິິງ ພວກເຮົົາສາມາດຮຽນຮູ້້ຫຍັັງກ່່ຽວກັັບການປະຕິ ິ ບັດັ ແລະ ພຶດຕິ ຶ ິ ກຳຳຂອງໂຮງຮຽນທີ່່ມີີປະສິດທິ ິ ິຜົົນສູູງ?

ຂໍ້້ມູູນທີ່່ໄດ້້ຕ້້ອງບອກເຖິິງຄວາມເປັັນຈິິງ ພວກເຮົົາສາມາດຮຽນຮູ້້ຫຍັັງກ່່ຽວກັັບການປະຕິ ິ ບັດັ ແລະ ພຶດຕິ ຶ ິ ກຳຳຂອງໂຮງຮຽນທີ່່ມີີປະສິດທິ ິ ິຜົົນສູູງ?

AUTHOR(S)
UNICEF Innocenti – Global Office of Research and Foresight; UNICEF Lao PDR; Ministry of Education and Sports Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Published: 2024 Innocenti Research Report

ໃນຂະນະທີ່ ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ ໄດ້ມີຄວາມກ້າວໜ້າຢ່າງບໍ່ຢຸດຢັ້ງໃນການຂະຫຍາຍການເຂົ້າເຖິງການສຶກສາທີ່ມີຄຸນນະພາບ, ເດັກນ້ອຍຫຼາຍຄົນຍັງອອກຈາກໂຮງຮຽນປະຖົມໂດຍທີ່ຍັງມີຄວາມຫຍຸ້ງຍາກໃນການອ່ານ ແລະ ການຂຽນສຳລັບໄວອາຍຸພວກເຂົາ. ເຖິງຈະເປັນເຊັ່ນນັ້ນ, ມີໂຮງຮຽນທີ່ສະແດງຜົນໄດ້ດີກວ່າທີ່ເຮັດໄດ້ດີກວ່າໂຮງຮຽນແຫ່ງອື່ນໆທີ່ຕັ້ງຢູ່ໃນສະພາບຄ້າຍຄືກັນ ແລະ ມີຊັບພະຍາກອນໃນລະດັບທີ່ທຽບເທົ່າກັນໄດ້.

 ບົດລາຍງານນີ້ສະແດງການຕິດຕາມກວດກາທີ່ສຳຄັນຈາກທັງຂໍ້ມູນດ້ານປະລິມານ ແລະ ຄຸນນະພາບກ່ຽວກັບພຶດຕິກຳ ແລະ ການປະຕິບັດງານຂອງຜູ້ດຳເນີນການສຶກສາທີ່ຫຼາກຫຼາຍໃນໂຮງຮຽນທີີ່ສະແດງຜົນໄດ້ດີກວ່າໃນ ສປປ ລາວ. ມັນຍັງຄົ້ນຄວ້າວິທີແກ້ບັນຫາທີ່ມີຢູ່ໃນທ້ອງຖິ່ນ ແລະ ຫຼັກຖານວົງກວ້າງທີ່ປະກົດຈາກທຸກໂຮງຮຽນທີ່ມີຄວາມທ້າທາຍຕ່າງໆກ່ຽວກັບການສຶກສາ.

 ຂໍ້ມູນຕ້ອງເປີດເຜີຍແມ່ນເປັນການລິເລີ່ມທົ່ວໂລກໄດ້ຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດຕັ້ງແຕ່ປີ 2014 ໂດຍແນໃສ່ເພື່ອແກ້ໄຂຊ່ອງຫວ່າງຫຼັກຖານເພື່ອຫຼຸດຜ່ອນວິກິດການຮຽນຮູ້ໂດຍນຳໃຊ້ຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ມີຢູ່. ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າວິໄຈເພື່ອສະແດງຜົນໄດ້ດີກວ່າຂອງ DMS ໄດ້ສ້າງຂຶ້ນຮ່ວມກັນ ແລະ ຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດຮ່ວມກັນກັບກະຊວງການສຶກສາທິການ ແລະ ຄູ່ຮ່ວມມືທີ່ສຳຄັນ. ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າວິໄຈ DMS ອາໄສວິທີການປະສົມ ແລະ ວິທີການທີ່ເປັນນະວັດຕະກຳ (ເຊັ່ນ: ວິທີການທີ່ສະແດງຜົນໄດ້ດີກວ່າ, ວິທະຍາສາດພຶດຕິກຳ, ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າວິໄຈການຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດ ແລະ ວິທະຍາສາດການຈັດລະດັບ) ເພື່ອສ້າງຄວາມຮູ້ ແລະ ບົດຮຽນພາກປະຕິບັດກ່ຽວກັບສິ່ງທີ່ເກີດຜົນ’, ‘ຍ້ອນຫຍັງແລະແນວໃດເພື່ອຈັດລະດັບວິທີແກ້ບັນຫາລະດັບຮາກຫຍ້າສຳລັບຜູ້ກຳນົດນະໂຍບາຍຂອງຊາດ ແລະ ຊຸມຊົນຜູ້ມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມການສຶກສາລະດັບສາກົນກວ້າງຂວາງ.

 ໃນປັດຈຸບັນການຄົ້ນຄວ້າວິໄຈ DMS ໄດ້ຈັດຕັ້ງປະຕິບັດຢູ່ໃນ 14 ປະເທດຄື: ບຣາຊີນ, ບວກກິນາຟາໂຊ, ຊາດ, ກົດດີວົວ, ເອທິໂອປີ, ການາ, ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນ ລາວ, ມາດາກາສະກາ, ມາລີ, ເນປານ, ນີເຊ, ສະຫະສາທາລະນະລັດຕັງຊານີ, ໂຕໂກ ແລະ ຊຳບີ. 

Data Must Speak: Unpacking Factors Influencing School Performance in Mali

Data Must Speak: Unpacking Factors Influencing School Performance in Mali

AUTHOR(S)
Arsène Kafando; Alexis Le Nestour; Renaud Comba

Published: 2024 Innocenti Research Report
Mali's education system aims to guarantee universal and equitable access to quality education for all Malian children of school age. Despite the progress made in implementing quality education in Mali, a number of challenges remain.
 
By merging and analyzing existing administrative datasets in Mali, this report helps to identify important associations between school inputs and school performance in Mali. Those results will be informing public policies and investments in the education sector.
 
Data Must Speak – a global initiative implemented since 2014 – aims to address the evidence gaps to mitigate the learning crisis using existing data. The DMS Positive Deviance research is co-created and co-implemented with Ministries of Education and key partners. DMS research relies on mixed methods and innovative approaches (i.e., positive deviance approach, behavioural sciences, implementation research and scaling science) to generate knowledge and practical lessons about ‘what works’, ‘why’ and ‘how’ to scale grassroots solutions for national policymakers and the broader international community of education stakeholders.
 
DMS research is currently implemented in 14 countries: Brazil, Burkina Faso, Chad, Cote d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Madagascar, Mali, Nepal, Niger, the United Republic of Tanzania, Togo and Zambia.
The Impact of the Cash Transfer Intervention in the Commune of Nsélé in Kinshasa

The Impact of the Cash Transfer Intervention in the Commune of Nsélé in Kinshasa

AUTHOR(S)
Vera Bersudskaya; Frank Otchere; Nyasha Tirivayi; Mathilde Van Drooghenbroeck

Published: 2024 Innocenti Research Report
In an effort to mitigate the negative socioeconomic consequences of the COVID-19 containment measures in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), UNICEF and the World Food Programme initiated a cash transfer programme in the peri-urban commune of Nsélé, near Kinshasa, the capital of DRC. The intervention reached about 23,000 households in the initial humanitarian phase which lasted for 3 months, and then scaled down to reach about 16,000 of the most vulnerable households for an additional 6 months of a social protection phase. A complimentary intervention to the cash transfer trained local associations and communities in women’s leadership, women’s rights, gender-based violence and positive masculinity, and financial management of income-generating activities. 

This report presents the design of an impact evaluation of the intervention, the findings from the evaluation, and recommendations for policy and further research. The quantitative analysis found limited impacts of the intervention on household food security, resilience based coping, and dietary diversity which were the primary outcomes of interest. Qualitative interviews however showed more positive experiences and appreciation for the intervention. The study attributes the limited impacts of the intervention to challenges with implementation which needs to be addressed before scaling up. Important lessons about targeting will help the Government with designing the national comprehensive register for social protection.
Data Must Speak: Comprendre les facteurs de performance des écoles au Tchad

Data Must Speak: Comprendre les facteurs de performance des écoles au Tchad

Published: 2024 Innocenti Research Report
Le système éducatif tchadien fait face à de nombreux défis. Il est donc important de comprendre quelles ressources et quels facteurs contextuels sont associés à de bonnes performances scolaires au Tchad.

 En fusionnant et en analysant les bases de données administratives existantes au Tchad, ce rapport permet d'identifier des associations importantes entre intrants scolaires et performance des écoles primaires au Tchad. Ces résultats pourront informer les politiques publiques existantes ainsi que les investissements dans le secteur de l’éducation.

 Data Must Speak - une initiative mondiale mise en œuvre depuis 2014 - vise à combler les lacunes en matière de preuves pour atténuer la crise de l'apprentissage en utilisant les données existantes. La recherche DMS sur les approches modèles positives est cocréée et mise en œuvre conjointement avec les ministères de l'Éducation et des partenaires clés. La recherche DMS s'appuie sur des méthodes mixtes et des approches innovantes (c'est-à-dire l'approche de sur les modèles positive, les sciences du comportement, la recherche sur la mise en œuvre et la science de la mise à l'échelle) pour générer des connaissances et des enseignements pratiques sur " ce qui fonctionne ", " pourquoi " et " comment " mettre à l'échelle des solutions concrètes pour les décideurs politiques nationaux et la communauté internationale.

 La recherche DMS est actuellement mise en œuvre dans 14 pays : Brésil, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Éthiopie, Ghana, République démocratique populaire lao, Madagascar, Mali, Népal, Niger, République-Unie de Tanzanie, Tchad, Togo et Zambie.
The Impact of Valor Criança - Social Cash Transfer Pilot Programme in Angola

The Impact of Valor Criança - Social Cash Transfer Pilot Programme in Angola

AUTHOR(S)
Kaku Attah Damoah; Jennifer Waidler; Nyasha Tirivayi; Thibault Uytterhaegen; Frank Otchere; Mathilde Van Drooghenbroeck; Jessica Daminelli

Published: 2024 Innocenti Research Report
The Government of Angola and its Development Partners developed and implemented Apoio à Protecção Social - APROSOC (‘Strengthening and expanding social protection to the vulnerable population in Angola’) between 2014 and 2022 as a first step towards establishing a national social protection system. A key component of the programme, Valor Criança, the first-ever cash transfer programme in Angola, was a child-sensitive unconditional social cash transfer programme targeted at households with children zero- to five-year-olds in selected municipalities prone to food-insecurity. Beyond the cash, the programme adopted a cash ‘plus’ approach providing linkages to services such as support to birth registration, early childhood development, nutrition counselling, income generation activities, adolescent empowerment, and Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS).

Evidence on the effectiveness of social assistance programmes in Angola is limited. This study addresses this evidence gap by examining the impacts of the Valor Criança programme on various domains of child and household well-being. The study also investigates the impacts on gender equality outcomes using the conceptual framework developed as part of the Gender-Responsive Age-Sensitive Social Protection (GRASSP) research programme (2018-2023) led by UNICEF Innocenti and funded by the UK’s Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO).

The study examined in detail the following research questions: 1) What are the impacts of the Valor Criança on caregivers and children?, 2) What are the broader impacts of the Valor Criança on households?, 3) How do design and implementation features of the APROSOC and Valor Criança influence programme objectives and outcomes? and 4) How do household and caregiver characteristics shape the impact of the cash transfer programme? Lastly, the report findings help formulate policy and research recommendations in support of policy actions towards creation of a nationwide social assistance programme in Angola. 
Data Must Speak: Des écoles qui inspirent le changement : recherche sur les écoles modèles positives au Mali

Data Must Speak: Des écoles qui inspirent le changement : recherche sur les écoles modèles positives au Mali

AUTHOR(S)
Michèle Boujikian; Sara Ameziane Hassani; Alexis Le Nestour; Renaud Comba

Published: 2023 Innocenti Research Report

Que pouvons-nous apprendre des comportements et des pratiques des écoles modèles positives au Mali ? Ce rapport présente des résultats importants issus de données qualitatives sur les comportements et les pratiques des acteurs de l'éducation dans les écoles modèles positives au Mali visant à améliorer les apprentissages des élèves.  

Data Must Speak - une initiative mondiale mise en œuvre depuis 2014 - vise à combler les lacunes en matière de preuves pour atténuer la crise de l'apprentissage en utilisant les données existantes. La recherche DMS sur les approches modèles positives est cocréée et mise en œuvre conjointement avec les ministères de l'Éducation et des partenaires clés. La recherche DMS s'appuie sur des méthodes mixtes et des approches innovantes (c'est-à-dire l'approche sur les modèles positive, les sciences du comportement, la recherche sur la mise en œuvre et la science de la mise à l'échelle) pour générer des connaissances et des enseignements pratiques sur " ce qui fonctionne ", " pourquoi " et " comment " mettre à l'échelle des solutions concrètes pour les décideurs politiques nationaux et la communauté internationale.  

La recherche DMS est actuellement mise en œuvre dans 14 pays : Brésil, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Éthiopie, Ghana, République démocratique populaire lao, Madagascar, Mali, Népal, Niger, République-Unie de Tanzanie, Tchad, Togo et Zambie. 

Data Must Speak: Des écoles qui inspirent le changement: recherche sur les écoles modèles positives au Togo

Data Must Speak: Des écoles qui inspirent le changement: recherche sur les écoles modèles positives au Togo

AUTHOR(S)
Michèle Boujikian; Ieva Raudonytė; Alexis Le Nestour; Komlan Nouwokpo Samati; Sara Ameziane Hassani; Renaud Comba

Published: 2023 Innocenti Research Report

Que pouvons-nous apprendre des comportements et des pratiques des écoles déviantes positives au Togo ? Ce rapport présente des informations importantes issues de données quantitatives et qualitatives sur les comportements et les pratiques d'une variété d'acteurs de l'éducation dans les écoles modèles positives au Togo. 

Data Must Speak - une initiative mondiale mise en œuvre depuis 2014 - vise à combler les lacunes en matière de preuves pour atténuer la crise de l'apprentissage en utilisant les données existantes. La recherche DMS sur les approches modèles positives est cocréée et mise en œuvre conjointement avec les ministères de l'Éducation et des partenaires clés. La recherche DMS s'appuie sur des méthodes mixtes et des approches innovantes (c'est-à-dire l'approche sur les modèles positives, les sciences du comportement, la recherche sur la mise en œuvre et la science de la mise à l'échelle) pour générer des connaissances et des enseignements pratiques sur " ce qui fonctionne ", " pourquoi " et " comment " mettre à l'échelle des solutions locales pour les décideurs politiques nationaux et les parties prenantes de l'éducation.    

La recherche DMS est actuellement mise en œuvre dans 14 pays : Brésil, Burkina Faso, Tchad, Côte d'Ivoire, Éthiopie, Ghana, République démocratique populaire lao, Madagascar, Mali, Népal, Niger, République-Unie de Tanzanie, Togo et Zambie. 

A Cash Plus Model for Safe Transitions to a Healthy and Productive Adulthood: Round 4 Impact Evaluation Report

A Cash Plus Model for Safe Transitions to a Healthy and Productive Adulthood: Round 4 Impact Evaluation Report

Published: 2024 Innocenti Research Report

This mixed-methods impact evaluation examines the impacts of “Ujana Salama” (‘Safe Youth’ in Swahili) which is a cash plus programme targeting adolescents in households receiving cash transfers under the United Republic of Tanzania’s Productive Social Safety Net (PSSN) programme. Implemented by the Tanzania Social Action Fund (TASAF), with technical assistance of the Tanzania Commission for AIDS (TACAIDS) and UNICEF Tanzania, the ‘plus’ component includes in-person training, mentoring, and grants. The impact evaluation examines the differential impact of the integrated programme (cash plus intervention targeting adolescents) when compared to the PSSN alone. This report describes findings from the fourth round of data collection (2021), conducted 18–20 months after the end of programme implementation as part of the broader Gender-Responsive Age-Sensitive Social Protection (GRASSP) research programme (2018–2024), led by UNICEF Innocenti and funded by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland’s Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO).

The impact evaluation found that most of the post-programme impacts were gendered. This includes sustained increases in economic activities by female youth, sustained increases in healthcare seeking by male youth and reductions in experience of sexual violence among female youth. Implementation of “plus” aspects such as training and mentoring was gender sensitive. However, conservative gender norms were influential as they negatively influenced programme impacts on contraception.
Digital Learning Landscape: A policy analysis in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, and North Macedonia

Digital Learning Landscape: A policy analysis in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, and North Macedonia

AUTHOR(S)
Svetlana Poleschuk

Published: 2022 Innocenti Research Report
This policy analysis examines regional and national policy and normative documents, and existing literature related to digital learning in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo1, Montenegro, and North Macedonia. The report captures the state of the education recovery after the COVID-19 school closures and explores trends, promising practices, challenges, and gaps in digital learning systems and policies. The purpose of the report is to support government partners in the development of national digital learning policies, plans and roadmaps. The preliminary findings from this research have been instrumental in shaping the UNICEF Europe and Central Asia Digital Learning Strategy for 2022-2025.
Data Must Speak: Entendendo os fatores de desempenho  das escolas maranhenses

Data Must Speak: Entendendo os fatores de desempenho das escolas maranhenses

Published: 2024 Innocenti Research Report
Apesar dos vários esforços para fortalecer seu sistema de educação, o Estado do Maranhão, no Brasil, continua a enfrentar desafios para melhorar de forma equitativa os resultados de aprendizagem dos alunos.

Ao juntar e analisar os conjuntos de dados administrativos existentes no Maranhão, Brasil, este relatório ajuda a identificar associações importantes entre fatores escolares e o desempenho educacional no Maranhão, Brasil. Esses resultados servirão de base para identificar algumas áreas que merecem ser exploradas setor educacional.

O Data Must Speak - uma iniciativa global implementada desde 2014 - tem como objetivo abordar as lacunas de evidências para mitigar a crise de aprendizagem usando dados existentes. A pesquisa DMS Positive Deviance é co-criada e co-implementada com os Ministérios da Educação e parceiros. A investigação do DMS baseia-se em métodos mistos e abordagens inovadoras (ou seja, abordagem do desvio positivo, ciências comportamentais, pesquisa da implementação e ciência de escalonamento) para gerar conhecimentos e lições práticas sobre "o que funciona", "porquê" e "como" escalar soluções de base para os tomadores de decisões e a comunidade internacional interessada na área da educação.

A pesquisa DMS atualmente é implementada em 14 países: Brasil, Burkina Faso, Chade, Costa do Marfim, Etiópia, Gana, República Democrática Popular do Laos, Madagáscar, Mali, Nepal, Níger, República Unida da Tanzânia, Togo e Zâmbia.
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