GLOSSARY
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Name
CRC Article = 7(1)
Note:
The right of the child to a name from birth is recognized in Article 7(1) of the CRC. The purpose of this provision is to promote recognition and protection of the child's legal personality. It is of fundamental importance, as a name is the first point of reference both for the child and society as a means of identifying the child and the child's family. It is therefore of special importance to children born out of wedlock, abandoned children and foundlings.
See also:
Birth registration Children born out of wedlock Family relations Identity Nationality Preservation of identity
National adoption
CRC Article = 21
Note:
Adoption which does not involve removal of the child across borders. Article 21 of the CRC deals with the safeguards and standards to be ensured by those States Parties that recognize and/or permit the system of adoption as an alternative means of child's care, covering both national adoption and intercountry adoption, and provides thereby that the best interests of the child shall be the paramount consideration. Noteworthy is the Declaration on Social and Legal Principles Relating to the Protection and Welfare of Children With Special Reference to Foster Placement and Adoption, which was adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1986.
See also:
Adoption Inter-country adoption Intercountry adoption Judicial review Procedures
Nationality
CRC Article = 7
Note:
The right of the child to acquire a nationality is set forth in Article 7 of the CRC. Some countries apply the principle of jus sanguinis, according to which nationality is founded by descent from parents. Others apply the principle of jus soli, according to which nationality is founded by virtue of being born within the territory of a State.
See also:
Family relations Identity Name Preservation of identity Statelessness
Non-custodial measures
CRC Article = 40(4)
Note:
States Parties are required to make alternatives to institutional care available for convicted children to ensure that these children are dealt with in a manner appropriate to their well-being and proportionate both to their circumstances and the offence. Such non-custodial measures could include, inter alia, care, guidance, supervision orders, counselling, probation, education and vocational training programmes.
See also:
Administration of Juvenile Justice Convicted children Deprivation of liberty Detention Imprisonment Treatment of convicted children
Non-governmental organizations
Note:
Under Article 45(a) of the CRC, the Committee on the Rights of the Child may invite the specialized agencies, the United Nations Children's Fund and other competent bodies as it considers appropriate, including inter-governmental and non-governmental organizations, to provide expert advice on the implementation of the CRC in areas falling within the scope of their respective mandates. The Committee may also transmit to such bodies, as it considers appropriate, any State reports that contain a request, or indicate a need, for technical advice or assistance (see Article 45(b) of the CRC).
See also:
Committee on the Rights of the Child Competent bodies Inter-governmental organizations Technical advice and assistance
Nullum crimen sine lege
CRC Article = 40(2)(a)
Note:
Article 40(2)(a) of the CRC accords to the child the right not to be accused of or recognized as having infringed the penal law by reasons of acts or omissions that were not prohibited by national or international law at the time they were committed.
See also:
Accused children Administration of Juvenile Justice Convicted children
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