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GLOSSARY

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Sale and trafficking

     IRC site

CRC Article = 35
Note:
According to the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Sale of Children, (intercountry) adoption, forced labour and sexual exploitation are the three main practices in relation to which the sale and trafficking of children occur. There has also been an increased number of as yet unsubstantiated reports of trafficking in children for the sale of their organs. The right of the child to protection against the sale of or traffic in children is set forth in Article 35 of the CRC. States Parties are required to take all appropriate national, bilateral and multilateral measures to prevent the sale of or traffic in children for any purpose or in any form.

See also:
Abduction   Exploitation   Organ trafficking   Recovery and reintegration   Slavery   

Saving clause

     IRC site

CRC Article = 41
Note:
The saving clause enshrined in Article 41 of the CRC is intended to safeguard for children the protection of higher standards and additional rights incorporated in the law of States Parties or in other regional and international treaties to which States Parties are also Parties.

See also:
Domestic implementation   Obligation of States   

School attendance

     IRC site

CRC Article = 28(1)(e)
Note:
For the implementation of the right of the child to education, States Parties are required to take measures to encourage regular attendance at schools.

See also:
Drop-out rates   Education   

School discipline

     IRC site

CRC Article = 28(2)
Note:
States Parties are required to take all appropriate measures to ensure that school discipline is administered in a manner consistent with the child's human dignity and in conformity with the CRC.

See also:
Abuse and neglect   Cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment   Education   

Science and technology

     IRC site

CRC Article = 28(3)
Note:
For the implementation of the right of the child to education, States Parties are required to promote international co-operation in matters relating to education, in particular with a view to facilitating access to scientific and technical knowledge. In this regard, States Parties are required to take particular account of the needs of developing countries.

See also:
Developing countries   Education   Education and international co-operation   International co-operation   

Secondary education

     IRC site

CRC Article = 28(1)(b)
Note:
For the implementation of the right of the child to education, States Parties are required to encourage the development of different forms of secondary education, including general and vocational education, and to make them available and accessible to every child through, for example, the introduction of free education and offering financial assistance in case of need.

See also:
Education   Education assistance   Free education   General education   Vocational education   

Self-executing provisions

     IRC site


See:
Applicability   

Self-incriminating evidence

     IRC site

CRC Article = 40(2)(b)(iv)
Note:
The right of the accused child not to be compelled to give testimony or to confess guilt is set forth in Article 40(2)(b)(iv) of the CRC.

See also:
Accused children   Administration of Juvenile Justice   Presumption of innocence   

Sentencing of children

     IRC site

Separation from adult prisoners

     IRC site

CRC Article = 37(c)
Note:
The right of every child deprived of his or her liberty to be separated from adults, unless it is considered in the child's best interests not to do so, is set forth in Article 37(c) of the CRC.

See also:
Children deprived of their liberty   Treatment of children deprived of their liberty   

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